The Story of Film: Episode 7

European New Wave

Intro

  • Worldwide tension was rising everywhere
    • Nuclear war was upcoming
    • Berlin wall was built
  • Movies were no longer the young new art form

1957-1964: The Shock of the New – Modern Filmmaking in Western Europe.

  • Ingmar Bergman was an upcoming director who created many new techniques
    • Summer with Monika (1953) dir. Ingmar Bergman an actress look directly into the camera
    • The Seventh Seal (1957) dir. Ingmar Bergman a knight agonizes about death, and questions god
    • Winter Light (1963) dir. Ingmar Bergman central figure is a clergyman, and believes god is dead
      • He attacks a woman’s best and worst features, all to show he doesn’t love her anymore, showed how people humiliate one another
    • Persona (1966) dir. Ingmar Bergman more abstract images are used to give an overall feeling
    • Highlighted the ugly in beautiful faces, a metaphor for his society
  • Robert Bresson saw life as a prison from which we must break
    • His films were simple, he took away everything from the frame until only things with important meaning Remained, he rejected stardom and glamour
    • Pickpocket (1959) dir. Robert Bresson people had little expression, the camera told the story
    • Bresson tried to show his characters as looking for the thing that will make them happy through the film, they start out unhappy
    • The only world you live in is the protagonist’s, there are no cuts, no other realities
  • Jacques Tati was similar to Chaplin, he disliked strong story telling, preferred detail and context, his world was a jigsaw of detail and big picture
    • Mon Oncle (1956) dir. Jacques Tati shows the difference between old world and new world France
    • He never used close-ups, he wanted to show the bigger picture, static frame that allows our eyes to do the moving
  • Federico Fellini loved circuses, the color, crazy stunts, and grandeur
    • Nights of Cabiria (1957) dir. Federico Fellini a man’s wife is a prostitute, she later asks for Virgin Mary’s grace but nothing happens, she is lost in her feelings, the film changes style many times as she finds herself
    •  (1963) dir. Federico Fellini the film was improvisation, Fellini loved his actors, and allowed them room to take the scene where it naturally wanted to go
  • French filmmakers once again took the spotlight
    • They had new ideas about existentialism, their movies were more intellectual an self-aware
    • Cléo from 5 to 7 (1962) dir. Agnès Varda starts in color, slowly transitions to color, they told their thoughts out loud
    • Last Year at Marienbad (1961) dir. Alain Resnais the film questions what is real, from a normal scene up to a greek statue, and the scene changes around it
  • Jean-Luc Godard was the most influential french filmmaker, called his approach to film right wing anarchist
    • Preferred close-ups which isolated people from the world, didn’t star women as glamorous love interests
    • Wanted film not to capture life but to be part of it, used cuts not to show a new angle but to show how a frame looks in different light, background, etc.
  • Italian society was changing rapidly, poverty was moving into cities, cinema had another burst out of this country
    • Accattone (1961) dir. Pier Paolo Pasolini used spiritual music to make everyday struggles seem holy
    • The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964) dir. Pier Paolo Pasolini pictured Virgin Mary as unadorned, very simple
    • A Fistful of Dollars (1964) dir. Sergio Leone was created in an effort to stay away from comedy, and bring back the western genre
      • Leone used dramatic deep staging, where the foreground and background were both in focus
    • Once Upon a Time in the West (1968) (introduced in Episode 1) dir. Sergio Leone time moved slowly, as it wuld in real life, they starred the boring details and made them interesting
      • used a camera crane around the station after a train stops so the protagonist walks into a new world
    • Johnny Guitar (1954) (introduced in Episode 6) dir. Nicholas Ray use waiting time to build anticipation
    • Visconti used his films to challenge high society
      • believed peasants had the highest moral duty in a society
      • Senso (1954) dir. Luchino Visconti bright colors look like a celebration, however it is really a protest of aristocratic society from ordinary people, used crane shots to look down on rich people and up at peasants
    • Antonioni saw life abstractly and kept important figures in the edge of the frame
      • L’eclisse (1962) dir. Michelangelo Antonioni their relationship is conveyed by their framing. Ends with the woman walking out of frame and doesn’t reappear, the paces they went are shown empty, as if their relationship killed those places
      • The Passenger (1975) dir. Michelangelo Antonioni the camera leaves the main character and seems to go on a walk, when it returns the character is dead
    • The Wheelchair (1960) dir. Marco Ferreri used wheelchairs to mock living conditions as a way of mimicking life at the time, and the government
    • Viridiana (1961) dir. Luis Buñuel used this film to mock old filmmakers and politicians of the time

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