The Story of Film: Episode 9

American Cinema of the 70s

Intro

  • 60s ended with the deaths of social icons, the start of the Vietnam War
  • New honesty was brought to film along with experience of personal film from the 60s
  • Film schools and understanding of film history gathered momentum and confidence

1967-1979: New American Cinema

  • Mockery films thought it was too late to salvage society, so they made fun of it
    • Duck Soup (1933) dir. Leo McCarey there is a grand entrance waiting for a leader, but he comes i from the wrong side, making the whole scene look ridiculous
  • Frank Tashlin believed society was fake, and manic, and immature
  • The films of the 70s were often about an upside down reality
    • Catch-22 (1970) dir. Mike Nichols was a film like none before it
      • A character went upside down as he flew to what could have been his death
      • Lines delivered w ere metaphorical for the themes the whole film encompasses
      • In a tense encounter, two actors copied each others delivery of lines, making it seem a big comedic while holding the tension
      • In a medical scene he has at least 10 actors all talking at the same time, and he mixes all the dialogue for a chaotic sound, while the tone in the room was still lighthearted
    • The Graduate (1967) dir. Mike Nichols was a film that everyone in the young generation could connect to
      • Scared but empty feeling of not knowing whether you were going to war
      • Not feeling as part of the generation before the, and lost in their lives
      • Used the lighting going on and off to give the scene pacing to avoid boring moment of just dialogue
    • The Last Movie (1971) dir. Dennis Hopper a fake film causes locals to go wild, they see a western being made in their town and when the crew leaves, they take the props and recreate the fake violence, but real
    • McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971) dir. Robert Altman was an anti-western
      • Long lenses, muted colors, low lighting
      • The characters are lost in reality, visual uncertainty to match the cultural uncertainty of the time in America
    • The Conversation (1974) dir. Francis Ford Coppola was about new sound equipment
      • He accidentally records a conversation between two lovers, and becomes obsessed with the mystery on the tape
      • About getting lost in the fragments of other’s behavior that your lose you sanity and way of life
  • Scorsese was one of the most successful directors of the 70s
    • Mean Streets (1973) dir. Martin Scorsese is about the streets of New York, the idea was to make a film about sainthood in modern times and the character becomes obsessed with it
    • Taxi Driver (1976) (introduced in Episode 1) dir. Martin Scorsese was a existential movie, about a driver who hated the world around him
      • Has an obsession with a woman, and the camera looks away while he calls him, because the scene was “painful to watch”
    • Raging Bull (1980) (introduced in Episode 5) dir. Martin Scorsese was about a self’destructive man
      • Shot documentary style, except boxing scenes, which were shot for chaos (wide lenses, fast cuts, extreme lighting
      • Put in all the details of poverty that films screened out, asked questions with no answer in his film to make the audience empathize with his protagonists
    • To show how people find themselves after being lost their whole lives, they find grace through the touch of someone they love
  • Black directors had to wait a long time for their breakout in directing, the only films shown were European, Hollywood, etc.
    • People were astonished when they saw third world films, because it was like “realizing your neighbor exists”
    • Killer of Sheep (1978) dir. Charles Burnett film from a kid’s point of view
      • Filmed in black and white
      • Wanted to make a film about how society crushed the creativity and livelihood of kids
  • Jewish movies also had no place in Hollywood
    • Annie Hall (1977) dir. Woody Allen about how Jewishness was alien to everywhere but Jewish New York
      • Uses a montage to show how he makes his wife believe in herself
    • Manhattan (1979) dir. Woody Allen also had a Jewish character at it’s center
  • Assimilationists were less against nobility, Hollywood and romance
    • The Last Picture Show (1971) dir. Peter Bogdanovich mixes old and new movie techniques
      • Conventional reverse shot and story lines are used
      • Use a long dissolve to move from the heartbreak of the previous scene, to show the ghost town they used to live in
    • Slowed down scenes and used fast cuts so the scene moved slowly and ran past at the same time
    • Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973) dir. Sam Peckinpah showed how dead the west was
      • One man shot himself in the mirror to show his self hatred and weakness
    • Days of Heaven (1978) dir. Terrence Malick panaglides were created, used to give the camera a gliding look
      • Cut between a character and landscape to show the character trying to attain the infinite
      • To simulate a locust storm they dropped peanut shells from a helicopter and reversed the footage
      • In a field fire, only the light from the flames was used, with shallow focus so the flames seems to encompass everything around them
    • Mirror (1975) (introduced in Episode 8) dir. Andrei Tarkovsky wind is used to show nature as coming alive
    • Cabaret (1972) dir. Bob Fosse used closeups and pan as people stand up to show the intensity of Nazi Germany
    • The Godfather (1972) (introduced in Episode 6) dir. Francis Ford Coppola shot like a Rembrandt painting, no extreme angles or colors, no high lighting, shallow focus which constrained actors, very dramatic and dark look to the whole frame
      • Contrasted the typical isolated 70s film, showed a web of relationships and how they all affected one another
    • Chinatown (1974) dir. Roman Polanski used sunlight in a dark moment to show that the corruption was ll encompassing
      • Filmed with wide angle lenses, bright lighting, while the movie was about much darker things
      • Used pov shots in time of extreme tension

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